• br Discussion Here we show opposing

  2025-02-24

  

  Discussion Here, we show opposing effects of iontophoretically administered phenylephrine,aselective α1-AR agonist, on firing of putatively DAergic and non-DAergic neurons recorded in vivo in the VTA of urethane anaesthetized rats. Phenylephrine application caused a relatively weak decrease in fi

• It has been reported that HT R

  2025-02-21

  

  It has been reported that 5-HT2R involves in type 2 diabetes mellitus and 5-HT-induced IR [22,23]. The present study also demonstrated that it is 5-HT2R rather than other 5-HT receptors, including 5-HT1BR and 5-HT7R, in the liver that mediates HFD-induced abnormality of hepatic lipid metabolism, and

• phosphodiesterase inhibitor The H N mutation in exon

  2025-02-21

  

  The H373N mutation in exon 6 has not previously been reported [3], [4], [5], [6]; thus, this mutation appears to be a novel mutation. The functional expression study demonstrated that the H373N mutation results in almost complete loss of enzymatic activity. Thus, it is highly likely that the H373N m

• p-Cresyl sulfate The enzyme Arginase ARG plays a role

  2025-02-21

  

  The enzyme Arginase 1 (ARG1) plays a role in the hepatic urea cycle by hydrolyzing L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea [13]. In the context of macrophages and MDSCs, ARG1 expression redirects L-arginine metabolism to abolish cytotoxic nitric oxide production [14], suppress T-cell function [15], [16],

• Patients with cardiovascular disorders typically have lower

  2025-02-21

  

  Patients with cardiovascular disorders typically have lower plasma apelin levels than matched healthy controls. For example, plasma apelin levels are reduced in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and among CAD patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infraction there is a further

• A limitation of the NIA AA recommendations was

  2025-02-20

  

  A limitation of the 2011 NIA-AA recommendations was that biomarkers were grouped into just two categories—amyloid and tau-related neurodegeneration. Tauopathy and neurodegeneration were placed into the same biomarker category. In persons with only AD, it is reasonable to assume that neurodegeneratio

• br A Rs which were cloned and then pharmacologically identif

  2025-02-20

  

  A3Rs, which were cloned and then pharmacologically identified in the early 1990s, are expressed in multiple organs and peripheral tissues including DCPIB involved in inflammatory responses (Gessi et al., 2008, Borea et al., 2014). While low levels are expressed in the CNS, A3R agonists produce fu

• Control of retinal vascularization during

  2025-02-20

  

  Control of retinal vascularization during development and OIR likely involves close interactions among endothelial cells, neurons and glial Chk1 activity inhibitor (microglial and astrocytes) (see Fig. 2). In particular, the interaction between endothelial tip cells and astrocytes plays a critical

• Furthermore our lab previously reported that cadmium treatme

  2025-02-20

  

  Furthermore, our lab previously reported that cadmium treatment increased AChE-S and decreased AChE-R variants gene expression, which mediates the cell death observed on basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (Del Pino et al., 2016b). AChE-R decreased expression, which presents a neuroprotective role i

• Normally the activity of the lyase increases with the

  2025-02-20

  

  Normally, the activity of the 17,20-lyase increases with the onset of adrenarche [7], [8], [15]. Adrenarche has previously been perceived as a relatively sudden event, occurring physiologically between 6 and 8years of age. However, results from our laboratory clearly indicated that adrenarche is a c

• br Aromatase inhibitors The aromatase enzyme P arom belongs

  2025-02-19

  

  Aromatase inhibitors The aromatase enzyme, P450arom, belongs to the super-family of P450 proteins which includes more than 480 members divided in 74 different families. P450arom is a unique member of family 19 [39], and is located in the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian BAY-73 that express the

• As with most G protein coupled receptors

  2025-02-19

  

  As with most G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), sustained activation of APJ can cause desensitization and this has been reported to occur for APJ-mediated effects on cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, as well as for effects on activity of adenylyl cyclase, ERK and Akt (Ishida et al., 2004, Masri et a

• br Results br Discussion Control of

  2025-02-19

  

  Results Discussion Control of chronic inflammation is important in several inflammatory conditions like asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and fibrosis in lung diseases. The regulatory pathways that control chronic inflammation are complex and multi-factorial. Over expression of inflammatory mediato

• Platelet derived growth factor PDGF and

  2025-02-19

  

  Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) are expressed by glial ion channel and are important to neuron survival and the maintenance of oligodendrocytes. These neurotrophic factors contribute to the remyelination process by increasing the proliferation of oligode

• br AHR mediates TCDD toxicity and

  2025-02-19

  

  AHR mediates TCDD toxicity and wasting syndrome TCDD causes numerous toxicities in laboratory animals, including teratogenesis, hepatic steatosis, thymic atrophy, immune dysfunction and a lethal wasting syndrome [17]. The dose-dependent sensitivity to TCDD-induced toxicities varies widely among l

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