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The glutamate receptors are important to
2024-11-12
The glutamate receptors are important to the glioma SU11274 from escaping the excitotoxicity under physiological conditions. There are three subtypes of ionotropic glutamate receptors, including NMDA, kainate, and AMPA receptors, which are relating to diverse Ca2+ permeability. Glioma cells also ex
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Bioinformatics tools are becoming more powerful
2024-11-12
Bioinformatics tools are becoming more powerful and reliable due to the growing number and availability of experimentally determined protein structures (Arnold et al., 2006, Suplatov et al., 2015, Wiltgen and Tilz, 2009). The SWISS-MODEL and MODELLER programs are most frequently used for homology or
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Consideration of the rate of product formation at
2024-11-12
Consideration of the rate of product formation at different substrate concentrations and estimation of Michaelis-Menten parameters gives some insight into the possible mechanisms underlying the observed decreases in enzyme activity. Estimates based on two-substrate concentrations lack precision and
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br Glioblastoma GBM is the highest grade glioma Grade IV
2024-11-12
Glioblastoma GBM is the highest-grade glioma (Grade IV) according to WHO classification and belongs to the most malignant form of adrenergic receptors tumor. It is an incurable disease despite the use of aggressive treatments that include surgery and radiotherapy, usually in combination with che
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br Conclusion br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments
2024-11-12
Conclusion Conflict of interest Acknowledgments We thank Nancy Kerkvliet for helpful advice. The research in the lab of CE and THS is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grants ES103/7-1 and 9-1, HA7346/2-1). We apologize to all authors whose work could not be cited due to lim
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The literature suggests that adiponectin
2024-11-12
The literature suggests that adiponectin has a steroidogenic effect on ovarian function. In pigs, in vitro studies have shown that adiponectin reduced basal testosterone secretion in internal theca cells; in granulosa cells, it increased secretion of estradiol and, in combination with insulin, incre
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Clodronate Disodium sale br Conclusion The HT receptor famil
2024-11-12
Conclusion The 5-HT receptor family is complex, and one may ask as does Bryan Roth et al. [205] whether this is useless Clodronate Disodium sale (i.e. too much redundancy) or an embarrassment of the riches (i.e. many potential targets to choose from to affect normal or pathological function); mol
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In the isolated right atrium activation of
2024-11-12
In the isolated right atrium, activation of muscarinic receptors and adenosine receptors may block the generation of action potentials in the sinoatrial node, inducing cardiac arrest (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5) (Camara et al., 2015, Campbell et al., 1989). Physiologically, this conditio
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br Introduction br Rac dependent ROS and
2024-11-12
Introduction Rac1-dependent ROS and FH535 regulation in neuronal functions NOX-mediated ROS have an important role as physiological messengers. One remarkable example regarding such a function is during axonal formation. In this line, increased p40phox/NOX2 levels and co-localization at growth
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The bovine Ack is called Ack
2024-11-12
The bovine Ack is called Ack2 (bAck2) and has been suggested to act as a clathrin-assembly protein regulated by the small GTPase Cdc42 [17]. bAck2 lacks some of the C-terminal parts when compared to hAck1 and mAck1. Both Ack1 and Ack2 have been demonstrated to interact with sorting nexin 9 (SNX9 or
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A similar circuit between pyramidal neurons and SST
2024-11-12
A similar circuit between pyramidal neurons and SST interneurons is also prevalent in layers 2/3 of the cortex. The synapses onto SST interneurons, however, are functionally weak, raising questions about their computational power. In the first set of experiments, Urban-Ciecko et al. (2018) show that
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Lonidamine br Acknowledgements br Introduction Resistant hyp
2024-11-12
Acknowledgements Introduction Resistant hypertension (RH), is defined as blood pressure (BP) > 140/90 mm Hg despite three full doses antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic. Controlled hypertensive patients taking four Lonidamine or more of antihypertensives are also considered resistant (
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Our sample is representative of mRCC treated with sunitinib
2024-11-11
Our sample is representative of mRCC treated with sunitinib. However, the results from CCC setting have limited inference due to small exploratory sample (n = 51). Additionally, the significance of survival differences in CCC according to AXL staining is tangential. Unfortunately, we were unable to
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Defining the multiple roles of autophagy
2024-11-11
Defining the multiple roles of autophagy in stroke has been a rapidly evolving and exciting venue for translational research, with innovative products being applied from bench to bedside. Spanning pharmacological pathway manipulation and functional experimental validation, altered autophagy activati
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br Author contributions br Competing interests br Transparen
2024-11-11
Author contributions Competing interests Transparency document Acknowledgments This research was funded by a TOP ZonMW grant (40-00812-98-10054) to R.O.E., a DFG grant (KR4391/1-1) and IZKF Erlangen grant (J36) to A.K. and supported in part by Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de
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