• Apelin is a bioactive peptide and endogenous

  2024-12-24

  

  Apelin is a bioactive peptide and endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor (APLNR), a member of the G protein coupled receptor family that shares a similar sequence as the angiotensin type-1 receptor (AT1) [5]. Early studies demonstrated that the apelin/APLNR receptor axis plays a significant role in

• The functional similarity between GPR and APLNR ie both can

  2024-12-24

  

  The functional similarity between GPR25 and APLNR, ie both can be activated by Apelin and Apela and are coupled to Gi-cAMP signaling pathway (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4), strongly suggests that GPR25 signaling may play important physiological and pathological roles in vertebrates more or less similar to

• In addition enhanced AT receptor function abnormally

  2024-12-24

  

  In addition, enhanced AT1 receptor function abnormally increases central and sympathetic activity, contributing to cardiac and renal disease, which in turn alters homeostasis, increases vulnerability to stress, and further injures the brain, and that AT1 receptor blockade ameliorates excessive sympa

• The advantage of active immunotherapy is

  2024-12-24

  

  The advantage of active immunotherapy is long-term antibody production from short-term drug administration at limited cost. Conversely, immune response may be inconsistent or lacking, especially in older individuals, and adverse reactions—if immunologically based—may also be long-lasting. Initial ex

• This evidence suggests the strong

  2024-12-24

  

  This evidence suggests the strong clinical relevance of the identification of acquired resistance mechanisms for a proper therapeutic decision in patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC. When the tissue is not available, the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (cfDNA) can be a valid alternative for the det

• Previous reports indicate that the expression of AChRs and t

  2024-12-23

  

  Previous reports indicate that the expression of AChRs and their clustering on myotubes are critical factors required to induce contacts on muscle fibers in a natural biological system [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. For instance, in NMJ development in the mouse, AChRs are pre-patterned at sites

• br LOX in colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer CRC like other

  2024-12-23

  

  5-LOX in colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer (CRC) like other malignancies exhibits an overexpression of 5-LOX. Ohd et al. (Ohd et al., 2003) revealed in a study that malignant colon tissues overexpress 5-LOX activity and retain elevated levels of inflammatory mediators, leukotrienes. Additionall

• In liver the essential organ of lipoprotein

  2024-12-23

  

  In liver, the essential organ of lipoprotein synthesis, ACL plays a fundamental role in lipogenesis and steroidogenesis by supplying cytosolic melanocortin 1 receptor to both pathways. By using a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate (citrate) to produce acetyl CoA, ACL can be seen as an important b

• As the effects of baclofen on

  2024-12-23

  

  As the effects of baclofen on primary afferent activity are not reproduced by GABAA receptor agonists like muscimol and isoguvacine, this ionotropic receptor may play minimal role in the modulation of primary afferent activity. However, it is important to note that post-synaptic GABAA receptors rema

• br Aromatase the key enzyme for estrogen formation in

  2024-12-23

  

  Aromatase: the key enzyme for estrogen formation in adipose tissue Estrogens are synthesized from androgens by aromatase, a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis (Santen et al, 2009, Simpson et al, 1994). At the cellular level, aroma

• Introduction The corpus luteum CL

  2024-12-23

  

  Introduction The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine gland that differentiates from the thecal and granulosal cells of the ovarian follicle after ovulation. Its formation and limited lifespan in the mammalian ovary is important for fertility, as the CL produces progesterone (P4), the essent

• The evidence points toward a role for LO

  2024-12-21

  

  The evidence points toward a role for 12/15-LO activity in WAT in modulating chronic local inflammation and subsequent systemic metabolic decline in the obese state. However, little is known as to the role of 12- and 15-LOs in BAT. Indeed, in addition to WAT, platelet- and leukocyte-type 12-LO are e

• Involvement of Adiponectin in the

  2024-12-21

  

  Involvement of Adiponectin in the regulation of imatinib resistance in human CML cells has not been hitherto examined. Therefore, in this study, we first established imatinib-resistant K562 CML cells, and then evaluated the effect of Adiponectin in reversing imatinib resistance. The data presented h

• HT receptors are distributed throughout the brain within the

  2024-12-21

  

  5-HT3 receptors are distributed throughout the brain, within the brainstem (e.g., nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema and spinal trigeminal nucleus) and phosphatase inhibitor (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, putamen and caudate) (Abi-Dargham et al., 1993, Barnes et al., 1989,

• Although the mechanisms of APP secretion are

  2024-12-21

  

  Although the mechanisms of APP secretion are well characterised (for review see Ref. [1]), production of soluble AChE species is less well understood although we have reported that a metalloproteinase can shed AChE similarly to APP [16], [17]. Recently it has also been demonstrated that cellular pre

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