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br Conclusions A large body of evidence indicates that
2025-02-28
Conclusions A large body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of NDDs. Hence, reducing oxidative stress or suppressing its downstream pathways may be beneficial for the treatment of these diseases, especially such chronic diseases as AD or glaucoma. Here we
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In Antirrhinum floral organ identity
2025-02-28
In Antirrhinum, floral organ identity genes include DEFICIENS (DEF) (Sommer et al., 1990) and GLOBOSA (GLO) (Trobner et al., 1992) required for petal and stamen identity (B-function), PLENA (P) required for stamen and carpel formation (C-function) (Bradley et al., 1993) and SQUAMOSA (SQUA) which is
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The radiographic correlate will be
2025-02-28
The radiographic correlate will be similarly important for the success of other non-VEGF TKIs, such as those targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor expressed in 50% of high-grade primary buy flumazenil neoplasms. It has been reported that icotinib and gefitinib, epidermal growth factor rece
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Interestingly ZIP expression was decreased in dog
2025-02-28
Interestingly, ZIP9 expression was decreased in dog testes after they were implanted with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) which the authors proposed was due to androgen ablation (Bulldan et al., 2016a). The expression of other members of the ZIP (SLC39A) family has also been shown to be regula
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The advantage of active immunotherapy is long term
2025-02-28
The advantage of active immunotherapy is long-term antibody production from short-term drug administration at limited cost. Conversely, immune response may be inconsistent or lacking, especially in older individuals, and adverse reactions—if immunologically based—may also be long-lasting. Initial ex
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Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl peptidase
2025-02-28
Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and widely considered as first-line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 is responsible for the inactivation of incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 is released by the intestine aft
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Introduction Induction of long term potentiation LTP
2025-02-28
Introduction Induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), the cellular correlate of learning and memory, triggers profound changes in the structure and function of excitatory synapses by increasing dendritic spine size and synaptic strength. Significant progress has been made in understanding the int
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Em um estudo com modelos de
2025-02-28
Em 2011, um estudo com modelos de ratinhos triplamente mutados para tie2 doença de Alzheimer expôs um grupo a anestesia geral com halotano ou isoflurano cinco horas por semana durante quatro semanas (a três diferentes idades: dois, quatro e seis meses) e um grupo sem exposição aos anestésicos inalat
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Gliomas and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Aldehyde dehydrogenases A
2025-02-28
Gliomas and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are key metabolic enzymes involved in regulation of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways as well as in the detoxification of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes, regulating cell function and homeostasis. ALDHs play important roles in
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In earlier experiments on snails a behavioral model was empl
2025-02-27
In earlier experiments on snails, a behavioral model was employed of certain food rejection to study the mechanisms of the reconsolidation of long-term associative memory. It was found that conditioned food stimuli (reminder) presentation, combined with injections of NMDA glutamate receptor antagoni
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br Perspectives and challenges Previously the
2025-02-27
Perspectives and challenges Previously, the main focus of development of adenosine targets for pain was on A1Rs, due to prominent antinociception in multiple preclinical models and preliminary observations in human trials. However, delivery of agonists can be limited by other (e.g. cardiovascular
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In the past few years several
2025-02-27
In the past few years, several experimental findings have demonstrated a pivotal involvement of adenosine also in driving the phenotypic switch of macrophages. In particular, the stimulation of A2A and A2B receptors seems to play a critical role in switching macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype [37,6
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Among different classes of pesticide organophosphates as wel
2025-02-27
Among different Riluzole of pesticide, organophosphates as well as pyrethroids are more frequently used because of their high insecticidal property, low mammalian toxicity, less persistence and rapid biodegradability in the environment. These compounds are used extensively in agriculture supposed t
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br Introduction The process of mitosis is highly
2025-02-27
Introduction The process of mitosis is highly complex and tightly regulated. This phase of the acetaminophen paracetamol resulted in two identical daughter cells. The aurora kinases (aurora A, B, and C) are a family of three highly homologous serine-threonine protein kinases that play a key role
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In this study we showed that TRIM promotes ASK activation
2025-02-27
In this study, we showed that TRIM48 promotes ASK1 activation through ubiquitination-dependent degradation of a negative regulator of ASK1 activation, protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1). Knocking down TRIM48 suppressed oxidative-stress-induced cell death mediated by ASK1, and the additiona