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Several studies have shown that regulation of glutamate home
2022-03-11
Several studies have shown that regulation of glutamate homeostasis is critical in relapse to many drugs of abuse [84,85]. Glutamate is transported by GLT-1, which accounted for about 90% of glutamate clearance from the synaptic cleft [14,15]. CEF is known to produce its effects through GLT-1 upregu
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br Acknowledgments br Introduction When human red blood cell
2022-03-10
Acknowledgments Introduction When human red blood cell (hRBC) membranes are depolarized, either as intact Poly (A) Tailing suspended in depolarizing (low Cl−) Ringers or under voltage clamp conditions using excised inside-out patches, they respond by opening a nonselective voltage-dependent c
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br Materials and methods br Results and
2022-03-10
Materials and methods Results and discussion Conclusions Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Dr. N. Prevete for providing the human AGS shCTR and AGS shFPR2 cells. This work was supported by POR Campania FSE 2007-2013 Project CREME and Ministry of Health, Italy, RF-2011-02349269.
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These observations are of particular interest in
2022-03-10
These observations are of particular interest in the context of recent conceptual changes regarding the mechanisms by which different types of leukocytes contribute to atherogenesis. Over the last decade, the paradigm of the predominant circulatory origin of lesional macrophages has been challenged
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Sumoylation is involved in regulating protein
2022-03-10
Sumoylation is involved in regulating protein-protein interactions, subcellular protein localization, protein stability, and transcriptional factor activity (reviewed in [29]). The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein is covalently attached to a lysine residue in a Ψ-K-X-D/E consensus sequen
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It is well known that TLR induced inflammation is
2022-03-10
It is well known that TLR4-induced inflammation is associated with behavioural alterations including fever, hypolocomotion, altered appetite, anxiety and anhedonia (Dantzer, 2006, Dantzer et al., 2008). The current data demonstrate that while PF3845 potently attenuates TLR4-induced cytokines in the
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Dysregulation of the HPA axis resulting in
2022-03-10
Dysregulation of the HPA axis, resulting in alteration to both baseline and stress-induced glucocorticoid levels (e.g., cortisol and corticosterone), has been implicated in several diseases and psychopathologies, including anxiety (McEwen et al., 2015, 2016; Shin and Liberzon, 2010). For example, ba
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br Prostaglandins meet Hippo The
2022-03-10
Prostaglandins meet Hippo The prostaglandins lie at the crossroads between inflammation, regeneration and tumorigenesis (Figure 3). Prostaglandins are synthesized from archidonic interleukin 2 receptor by Cox1 and Cox2 enzymes [40, 41] and in the gut, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) protects against DSS
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Biological evaluations of the compounds were done both using
2022-03-10
Biological evaluations of the compounds were done both using HCV protease and replicon assays. Results are shown in . The protease inhibitory IC’s were determined using a FRET assay with HCV NS3/4A 1a protease domain. The replicon EC’s were determined using a replicon luciferase cell-based assay. Th
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br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments We
2022-03-10
Author Contributions Acknowledgments We thank Hiroyuki Miyoshi, Makoto Nakanishi, Yoshikazu Johmura, Yuki Okada, Yoshinori Makino, Takashi Sutani, and Katsuhiko Shirahige for kindly providing materials and technical information, Shiho Takahashi-Kariyazono for technical advice, and all members
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Although historically the two ROCK
2022-03-10
Although historically, the two ROCK isoforms have been viewed as redundant, recent observations show that the two isoforms of ROCK might have different functions (Newell-Litwa et al., 2015). Knockdown of ROCK1 was found to result in cell rounding and a decrease in cell size while cells with knockdow
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The NF B family of transcription factors
2022-03-10
The NF-κB family of transcription factors is involved in acquisition of resistance to anticancer drugs as well as to apoptosis. NF-κB-mediated mdr1 gene upregulation is part of the anti-apoptotic protection mechanism of proximal tubule (PT) NVP-CGM097 against cadmium-induced oxidative stress and ap
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Finally we investigated if calpain truncation
2022-03-09
Finally, we investigated if calpain truncation affects GlyT1 turnover and trafficking. To simulate calpain cleavage at the T602/T603 and G626/S627 sites we constructed GlyT1 transporters missing the last 12 and 36 amino acids. Since the 36 amino hesperetin receptor truncation also removes all C-term
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion
2022-03-09
Materials and methods Results Discussion To the best of our knowledge, the current study presented the first evidence that GPR40, also named FFAR1, played an essential role in bone formation and mediated EI1 induced osteogenic effect via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We found that dose–response
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br Conclusion br Conflict of interest
2022-03-09
Conclusion Conflict of interest Acknowledgments This work was supported by an NRF grant (2016R1A2B4011196) from the Korea Research Foundation. Introduction Thymic epithelial tumors are rare, but they are the most common primary neoplasm of the thymus and of the anterosuperior mediastinu
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